生态型高校校园植物景观探析

建设生态型校园是解决校园绿化,水资源短缺,资源合理利用的有效途径。植物景观作为校园环境建设的一部分,在促进师生的身心健康、和谐发展等方面发挥重要作用。本文以生态型作为研究高校校园植物景观的导向,对当前高校校园植物景观营造过程中存在的问题进行剖析,采用查阅文献、相关书籍并结合实践,指出当前绿化在总体规划、植物群落建造、物种多样性、人与环境的关系、植物本身的意境美、及养护过程中存在问题。将生态设计的理念深入到植物造景中,强调了生态设计的重要性。最后以生态学为基础,从建设生态群落、科学绿化、生态设计、人文精神等方面,提出了优化校园植物景观的原则。     

“两型社会”背景下宜居生态城市建设探讨——以湖南衡阳为例

回顾宜居生态城市的发展历程,分析“两型社会”的特点,讨论湖南衡阳宜居生态城市建设和“两型社会”建设的内在联系,并对衡阳城市的建设发展对策进行了探讨。     

亚洲主要稻作国家栽培稻在同工酶位点上的差异

本研究以亚洲主要稻作国家的地方品种为材料,用淀粉凝胶电泳法,调查了8种同工酶的12个基因位点。调查结果证明:在 Amp-2、Acp-1、Cat-1三个位点上、在籼、粳稻中出现频率高的分别是 Amp-2~2 Acp-1~(-4)Cat-1~1和 Amp-2~1 Acp-1~(+9)Cat-1~2两种基因型,在以数量化理论Ⅲ分析的第1向量和第2向量所作的分布图中,第1向量的轴把226     

辣椒有机生态型无土栽培本土化集成技术研究

进行了双孢菇残料有机-无机复合基质配方和低成本栽培槽的筛选,并研究了辣椒有机生态型无土栽培管理技术。试验结果表明,以双孢菇栽培残料等为原料的最佳基质配方为双孢菇渣∶羊粪∶炉渣∶细河沙=15∶6∶8∶6(体积比);地下式栽培槽成本低廉、建造简单,667 m2建造成本为3 618元,较地上式和半地下式栽培槽节约成本4 254元和1 418元;其栽培管理采用节水灌溉、长效施肥,全生育期用水79.7 m3/667 m2,比土壤栽培节水62.8%,施肥成本比营养液降低68.4%。     

Indexing serum biochemical attributes of Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Forsskal, 1775) to instrument in health assessment

The present study was aimed to establish reference data for nine serum biochemical attributes (glucose, protein, albumin, globulin, albumin/globulin ratio, cholesterol, triglycerides, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase [SGOT] and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase [SGPT]) of a supreme aquaculture candidate, namely Lutjanus argentimaculatus. Further, the influence of ecotype (cage–wild), condition index and gender on biochemical attributes was evaluated. The results have shown that gender and condition index had no significant effect in the studied age group, whereas ecotype had a significant role, except on serum glucose levels, suggesting the prime importance of estimating ecotype‐specific reference intervals for interpreting fish health. Intra‐ecotype variability of serum biochemical attributes, namely serum protein, globulin, cholesterol and triglycerides, was less, suggesting the possibility of using these parameters as health indices within a specific ecotype. Consistency in terms of the least intra‐ecotype variability coupled with PCA results points serum protein as the best ecotype‐specific health index among the different parameters studied. Altogether, the results of the present study provide thought‐provoking insights on serum biochemistry of L. argentimaculatus as a platform for the health management of this supreme aquaculture candidate.     

水生态区划理论方法及全国水生态区划方案

针对我国复杂的水生态状况,建立了一套水生态区划理论方法,并提出全国水生态区划方案。遵照区域相关性原则、协调原则、主导功能原则和分级区划原则,采用三级分区的思路,综合气候、地理、水资源条件、人类活动影响及生态功能类型等诸多因素,详细阐述各级分区的划分依据、命名与编码原则。基于对全国范围内主要水生态系统特征、人类活动影响及水生态类型的认识,将全国划分为6个一级区、34个二级区和130个三级区。     

不同生态类型大麻品种在南京引种的生育表现

从欧洲和东北、西北、华北、西南、华东等生态类型地区引种的26个品种和南京本地品种进行比较,分析了其在南京种植后生育期、经济性状、形态特征等方面的变化特点。结果表明,27个大麻品种的干茎和纤维产量与生育期长短、株高、茎粗、平均节间长度呈极显著的直线相关关系;北方和欧洲品种引种南京后,生育期缩短,植株生殖生长早,株高、茎基粗、总叶片数等大大减少,节间短,叶片小,干物质积累量小,茎杆产量和纤维产量都很低;南方品种表现相反,生育期延长,植株营养生长茂盛,下部分枝少,节间长度增加,快速增长时期的出叶速度和干物质积累速度显著大于北方和欧洲品种。欧洲、东北和西北的品种雄株生长过小,无纤维利用价值;南方及江苏、山东、河南的品种,雄株生长速度快于雌株,纤维利用价值高于雌株。     

Inter- and intra-population genetic variation for leaf:stem ratio in landraces and varieties of lucerne

A comparison was made of landrace vs. variety inter‐ and intra‐population genetic variation for leaf:stem ratio in lucerne and investigated its relationship with forage yield and other characters. Very early‐flowering genotypes were excluded from the assessment to limit the impact of maturity stage on the variation in leaf:stem ratio. The evaluation was performed on a summer harvest of 390 genotypes belonging to ten landraces from northern Italy and to six well‐performing varieties, and on nineteen clones of a single genotype which were used to estimate the environmental variance. Landrace and variety groups did not differ in mean leaf:stem ratio. Variation for this trait was significant among varieties (P < 0·05) but not among landraces. Within‐population variation was significant for both germplasm groups (P < 0·01), being somewhat larger in landraces. The estimated within‐population variance component largely exceeded the among‐population variance component within varieties. Higher leaf:stem ratios were mainly associated with shorter and thinner main stems in genotypes and populations, and showed a modest inverse correlation with forage yield. The results highlight the importance of landrace germplasm and the paramount importance of selection within populations to identify parent material with a high leaf:stem ratio.     

Seed yielding ability of landraces of lucerne in Italy

Seed yield is of crucial importance for the marketing of lucerne varieties. Statistical records for farmers’ production of certified seed suggested a slightly higher seed‐yielding ability of Italian landraces over improved varieties (proportionately 0·052). The aims were to: (i) assess the variation among landraces, and compare the germplasm of landrace and improved varieties, for seed‐yielding ability; and (ii) investigate the relationships between seed yield, environment of origin and forage yield of the landraces. Thirteen farm landraces belonging to the seven commercial ecotypes of northern Italy and four improved varieties were evaluated for seed yield in the third cropping year and for herbage yield over twelve harvests. Landraces differed in seed yield and herbage yield (P < 0·05). Landrace material, compared with variety germplasm, showed a non‐significant trend towards higher seed yield (proportionately 0·047) and had similar herbage yield and plant density at the onset of the third cropping year. Seed yield of landraces was unrelated to forage yield and was associated with frequent mowing and earlier year of seed production on its farm of origin.     

通过组配杂种稻途径改进整体光合能力

 由美国水稻Lemont和中国华南水稻七桂早所组配成的杂种稻Le/Qi，既具有较高的光能截获能力，又具有较高的光能转化效率，其整体光合能力和亲本相比，得到了明显的改进。不论是在美国阿肯色州，还是在中国广州，Le/Qi较之Lemont及七桂早，光能利用率分别提高了53%～62%及8%～15%，比美国亲本具有明显为高的产量，比中国亲本明显提高了品质，增加了经济产值。利用由美国水稻和中国华南水稻所组配成的12对杂种组合进行扩大试验的结果表明，几乎所有杂种都显示了整体光合能力的明显改进，比美国亲本具有明显为快的叶面积发展能力，表现在明显为高的生物学产量上；比中国华南亲本具有明显增强了清除有害自由基的能力，从而提高了在高光强下的光合作用光能转化效率。